Hexi Corridor has been investigated by many researchers as a focal region due to its unique ecological environment and climatic characteristics，in order to learn more about it，a preliminary introduction and some analysis on its climatic and hydrological characteristics as well as the changes of ecological environment are given out in this paper. Results are as follows：（1）There are some obvious regional differences in the effect of global climate change on temperature and precipitation in Hexi arid region；（2）In the influence of climate change，the surface runoff of Shiyang river in the east of the region is decreasing continually while that of Heihe river and Shulehe river in the central and western part of the region rising from 1950s ，and it is also predicted that the runoff of Shiyang river will be decreasing，but that of Shulehe river will be increasing；（3）The local ecological environment has been deteriorated due to climate changing and inconsequential human activities，especially in the lower reaches of the inland rivers；（4）As water resource is the essence of the formation and evolution of the oasis，the key point of the oasis sustainable development is to distribute and use water resource properly and protect water quality，at the same time ，other water resource supplement countermeasures should be adopted.